Helio Santos
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2020 — ongoing

Landscapes Painted by Machines

Algorithms trained on pre-photographic landscape painting · computer vision · adapted plotters and CNC machines · oil, ink and graphite on canvas and paper

A tree emerging from layers of lines and oil paint
Árbol pintado por una máquina V · ink, oil and graphite on paper, 25.5 × 25.5 cm

A practice-based research series that translates the landscape through data, computer vision and robotic systems. Algorithms trained on landscape painting made before photography, from the open collections of the Museo del Prado, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Art Institute of Chicago, process and reinterpret the landscape and turn it into pictorial actions carried out by plotters and adapted CNC machines that paint in oil on canvas.

The work shifts authorship toward the machine. It revisits the tradition of landscape painting and questions ideas of creativity, agency and co-authorship between people and technology.

The device. CNC machines and plotters fitted with a brush-holding head and a palette loaded with oil paint. Built for high precision, they change their behaviour completely once they hold a loaded brush: the oil brings accidents, errors and variations that unsettle the logic of the machine. These devices, developed by the artist over the course of the research, are the technical base of the series.

Helio is a pioneer in a new way of painting.Kika Nicolela & Ombeline Rosset, Crafting Landscapes, OBJKT
Landscape translated into a dense structure of ink lines
Ecology of Mind · ink on paper, 21 × 28 cm
Huizache tree before blue volcanoes, painted in thick oil
Huizache con volcanes · oil on canvas paper, 18 × 23 cm
Project video
The plotter painting in oil
Plotter with brush head and paint palette beside a canvas
The device: brush head and oil palette
Top view of the plotter painting a seascape
Painting in progress
Close-up of oil strokes laid down by the machine
Detail of the machine's strokes
The plotter painting inside the museum gallery, with finished paintings on the wall
p(AI)saje, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Querétaro, 2021
Gallery view with paintings and the machine at the back
p(AI)saje, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Querétaro, 2021
Small framed landscape paintings in gilded frames
p(AI)saje, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Querétaro, 2021
Visitors looking at a row of small paintings
Lapin blanc, La Conciergerie, La Motte-Servolex, 2023
Installation view of Al aire libre, Copenhagen
Al aire libre, Tech Contemporary Gallery, Copenhagen, 2024